Largelanaguagemodels                                               Y. Su
INTERNET DRAFT                                                     Z. Li
Intended status: Standards Track                                 R. Chen
Expires: 30 April 2025                                             J.Dou
                                                                   CAICT                              
                                                         18 October 2024

Requirements of NGN evolution to 
support multi-connection for network and 
cloud interworking

draft-suyue-networkmulticonnection-00


Abstract

This document establishes the industry standards for
Requirements of NGN evolution to support 
multi-connection for network and cloud interworking. 

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Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. The scenarios of multi-connection
3. Overview
4. Securities Considerations
5. IANA Considerations
6. References
Acknowledgments
Authors Addresses 




1.Introduction 
This draft Recommendation provides requirements 
and capabilities of NGN evolution to support 
multi-connection for network and cloud interworking. 
In addition , this draft provides the general requirement
to support network and cloud interworking and this draft 
recommendation concentrates on the detailed requirements 
and capabilities to support a set of multi-connection 
scenarios based on Y.NGNe-NCI-reqts.

In the future, most businesses and applications
will be carried on the data centre based on virtualization 
technology, therefore network and cloud interworking 
has become an irresistible trend. Network and cloud 
interworking make applications, cloud computing, 
network resources and customers cooperate together 
to provide an end-to-end, complete, flexible and 
scalable solution. For instance, NGNes will provide 
network resources (e.g. access point, bandwidth, 
link, tunnel. etc) according to the requirements 
of the customers, while the cloud service providers 
will provide cloud computing resources such 
as storage, computing and VAS according to the 
demand of the applications.

In the context of network and cloud interworking, 
multi-connection means the network elements 
and cloud nodes could connect to multiple network 
elements and cloud nodes in an efficient and 
dynamic way, in order to achieve the features 
of intelligence, flexibility and high visualization.
2.The scenarios of multi-connection
2.1 Interconnection between different backup nodes
Applications running on a single data centers 
can face a variety of unexpected situations. 
For example, the software and hardware environment 
might be damaged and cannot be restored in 
a short time, or events such as fires and natural 
disasters may even lead to the unavailability 
of entire data centers. These situations will 
make key applications unavailable for a long 
time, thus causing great losses to users' businesses. 
Therefore, when the applications deployed in 
one data center cannot be restored in a short 
time, it is necessary to quickly pull up the backup 
applications on another data center.
NGNe could implement network probe inspection 
and health-check mechanism which are used 
to detect whether there are factors that trigger 
the disaster discovery in different date centers. 
Once they are triggered, NGNe is required to 
provide different types of network connections 
to support the activating of back up nodes immediately. 

2.2 Interconnection between the enterprise nodes 
and the computing nodes
NGNe supports the interconnection between 
the enterprise nodes and the computing nodes 
by establishing private and secure access paths 
from the enterprise nodes to the data center or 
public cloud, and cooperate with the cloud 
management system to create virtual networks 
inside the cloud to meet the multi-tenant business.
CSP requires NGNe to provide the high-quality 
dedicated and private line to ensure the end-to-end 
connection, which not only ensures the stability, 
high-speed and security of the connection, 
but also avoids the network quality instability 
caused by bypassing the public networks.
The NGNe has to support the interface with 
the CSP and the interface with enterprise nodes 
which could provide flexible network capabilities 
for various hybrid cloud services and applications. 
The adoption of SDN technology and global 
orchestration in NGNe will also promote the 
connections between the enterprise nodes and 
the computing nodes with advanced features 
such as agile, flexible and intelligent.

2.3 Interconnection between cross-regional enterprise 
nodes and computing nodes
The interconnection between enterprise private 
computing nodes is usually established by 
renting NGNe providers private lines or WAN 
services with guaranteed QoS, to build 
cross-regional private networks for enterprise 
IT systems. Meanwhile, enterprises with low 
requirements on connection quality and security 
may apply for low priority lines of NGNe to 
build enterprise networks to save the cost. 
On both the cases, NGNe providers could 
support the hybrid networking scheme of this 
scenario.
The interconnection of important branches of 
the enterprise or important computing nodes 
usually implement dedicated line or virtual 
private network (VPN) provided by the NGNe 
providers. While the interconnection of services 
between ordinary branches of the enterprise 
or computing nodes might use WAN or other 
types of connecting service without guaranteed QoS.

3.Requirements and capabilities of NGN evolution to 
support multi connection for network and cloud interworking
3.1 Overview
This clause will provide the capabilities and 
requirements of network evolution for 
supporting multi-connection
This draft Recommendation focuses on some 
specific enhancements to NGN to support 
multi-connection for network and cloud 
interworking. NGNe is required to provide some 
specific capabilities for the coordination of 
unified network and cloud services according 
to the requirements of users and application 
providers. These capabilities enable operators 
to assign and dynamically adjust network 
resources and cloud computing resource based 
on the requirements, as well as support interfaces 
for users and applications enabling on-demand 
resource and service provision. To support 
multi-connection for network and cloud interworking, 
the following features need to be considered for 
the NGNe providers: 
unified service provisioning: varies network 
services and cloud services could be configured 
and managed in a unified platform;

concerted status awareness: network 
connection status and cloud service availability 
status could both be aware by the NGNe provider;

collaborative fault detection mechanism: 
system faults causing network disconnection, 
server shut down, virtual machine crashes, etc., 
could be detected by NGNe provider;

integrated resources allocation and optimization: 
traffic management and network/cloud resource 
optimization could be scheduled in a cooperative 
manner;

global operation authorization: unified 
authorization and authentication methods of 
network and cloud operations could be applied, 
and accounting and network/cloud resource 
consumption could be measured globally;

artificial intelligent assisted prediction and 
maintenance: machine learning and artificial 
intelligent technologies are deeply involved in 
services prediction and system maintenance.
3.2 Requirements of NGNe to support multi connection
3.2.1 Requirements of unified service provisioning
NGNe is required to support unified service 
provisioning features that include the following 
aspects:
- unified acceptance and unified delivery 
of cloud and network services for customers.
- unified service presentation to achieve 
deep integration of cloud services and network 
services.
- integrated service provisioning, unified 
definition, packaging and orchestration of network 
resources and cloud resources to form a unified, 
agile and flexible resource supply system
- unified network and cloud configurations, 
to translate service requests into applicable 
commands or configurations and send to the 
network and cloud management system;
- unified service platform, to provide a single 
entrance to user to subscribe varies network and 
cloud services such as virtual machine applications 
or network connection establishments.

3.2.2 Requirements of concerted status awareness
NGNe is required to support concerted status 
awareness features that include the following aspects:
?network resource awareness, such as 
connection qualities, link bandwidth, bandwidth 
utilization, cost of routes and other available 
resource information;
?cloud resource awareness, such as server 
status, virtual machine availability, computing, 
storage and in-cloud network information; 
?service awareness, to perceive the 
characteristics of different types of services 
and flexibly adjust the network coverage, 
bandwidth and the cloud computing performance 
including scale in/out and other facets according 
to the service requirements;
?user intent awareness, to achieve closed-loop 
automation, to help realize automated service 
activation and network maintenance functions, 
to reduce manual intervention and improve 
performance.

3.2.3 Requirements of collaborative fault 
detection mechanism
NGNe is required to support collaborative fault 
detection mechanism features that include the 
following aspects:
?network fault detection, the system will 
detect any network faults that may cause network 
disconnection, link congestion or access failure 
to prevent further damage for any services;
?cloud fault detection, the system will detect 
any cloud faults that may cause server shut down, 
virtual machine crashes and other types of 
malfunction within the cloud;
?When a fault occurs, it can be quickly located, 
and the load can be automatically switched to 
ensure the stability of the performance and 
avoid affecting the customer experience.
Note: if a fault is located in the network, the 
backup connection could be activated, and if 
a fault is located in the cloud, the backup server 
or virtual machine could be switched on.
?end-to-end security endogenous mechanism, 
based on an adaptive security framework and 
safe atomic capabilities, an endogenous security 
system is required through intelligent security 
defense, detection, response, and prediction 
methods, to achieve auto-immunity, autonomy, 
and self-growth network and cloud end-to-end 
security. 

3.2.4 Requirements of integrated resources
allocation and optimization
NGNe is required to support integrated resources 
allocation and optimization that include the 
following aspects:
?cloud computing resources and network 
facilities should be integrated to form a system 
and technical architecture of integrated supply, 
dynamic optimization and integrated service, 
so as to realize the resource supply of a simple, 
agile, open, integrated, safe and intelligent 
new information infrastructure.
?integrated supply, to define, package and 
arrange network resources and cloud resources 
in a unified, agile and flexible resource supply 
system.
?dynamic optimization of global network 
resources, to optimize network resources 
dynamically in real time according to the 
demand of cloud services, user visits and other 
factors.
?unified control and scheduling of 
multi-dimensional resources, such as the use 
of computing power network, DLT and other 
new technologies to build a multi-dimensional, 
multi-party, heterogeneous resource adaptation 
system.

3.2.5 Requirements of global operation authorization
NGNe is required to support global authorization 
that include the following aspects:?
?integrated operation, to shift from independent 
operation system of cloud and network to global 
resource awareness, consistent quality assurance, 
integrated planning and operation and maintenance 
management.
?integrated service, to realize the unified 
acceptance, delivery and presentation of cloud 
business for customers, and realize the deep 
integration of cloud business and network business.
?unified system of user management, identity 
allocation and identity authentication, to realize 
single sign on of cloud and network application, 
realize dynamic synchronization of user identity 
and authority, and improve system availability, 
security and user convenience.
?unified identity authentication service platform,
to realizes the core objectives of user identity
management, system resource integration, 
application data sharing and comprehensive 
centralized management and control through 
the application modules of centralized certificate 
management, centralized account management, 
centralized authorization management and 
centralized authentication management.

3.2.6 Requirements of artificial intelligent assisted
prediction and maintenance
NGNe is required to support artificial intelligent 
assisted prediction and maintenance that include 
the following aspects:
?massive data analysis, to analyses and 
provides different types of data in the cloud 
and network in the original format.
?big data transform, such as build a multi-layer 
and multi-level AI enabling platform to transform 
the big data resources of the cloud and network 
into the intelligent planning, analysis, fault 
diagnosis and dynamic optimization capabilities 
of the cloud and network through artificial 
intelligence algorithms, and to provide cloud 
based artificial intelligence services for various 
users.
?intelligent cloud and network coordination, 
to realize self-adaptive, self-learning, 
self-correction and self-optimization of the 
end-to-end system of cloud and network integration 
through deep learning, reinforcement learning 
and other artificial intelligence algorithms.
?improve the matching scheduling accuracy 
of large-scale resources, to solve the problems 
of dependence between heterogeneous resources, 
high matching complexity, and difficult to 
guarantee the balance after adjustment.
?perception of customer intent and business 
quality, to automatically converted to the 
requirements for heterogeneous cloud and 
network resources, and automatically completes 
the corresponding network connection and it 
resource configuration. Through real-time 
network verification and optimization, the 
dynamic guarantee of customer-oriented and 
business services is realized.

3.3 Capabilities of NGNe to support multi connection
3.3.1 Relationships between requirements and 
capabilities of NGNe to support multi connection
To support network and cloud interworking 
especially for multi connection scenarios, 
NGNe is required to enhance its capabilities 
in order to provide some advanced features 
that have been described in clause 8. The 
relationships between the requirements and 
capabilities of NGNe are as follows:

open environment capabilities and service 
control capabilities support the requirements of 
unified service provisioning;

content and context awareness capabilities 
support the requirements of a concerted status 
awareness;

fault detection and recovery capabilities 
support the requirements of collaborative fault 
detection mechanism;

QoS and policy control capabilities and 
traffic scheduling and enforcement capabilities 
support the requirements of integrated resources 
allocation and optimization;

identity management capabilities and 
authentication and authorization capabilities 
support the requirements of global operation 
authorization.

policy and strategy management capabilities 
and policy enforcement capabilities support the 
requirements of artificial intelligent assisted 
prediction and maintenance

3.3.2 Enhanced capabilities of NGNe to support multi connection
The following enhanced capabilities of NGNe 
enable the network and cloud interworking 
especially for the support of multi connection 
scenarios.
?open environment capabilities:
Open environment capabilities of NGNe allow 
the interconnection of third-party services 
and applications and self-operated services 
and applications with other NGNe capabilities, 
in order to provide an environment for enhanced, 
flexible and open service creation and 
provisioning within the context of network 
and cloud interworking.
Open environment capabilities of NGNe receive 
service request from operators or cloud provides 
and delivery unified cloud and network services 
for them. Open environment capabilities support 
unified service platform which present the 
services in an integrated manner, so that the 
customer could easily access varies types of 
network and cloud services by a single entrance.
Open environment capabilities of NGNe support 
open access to a service creation environment, 
including to a wide range of tools and technologies, 
enabling developers and third-party applications 
to create rich applications taking full advantage 
of other NGNe capabilities.
Open environment capabilities of NGNe recommend 
the selected resources to the user and send the 
information of the selected resource's name, 
the cloud service provider it is associated with, 
and the resource pool corresponding to the 
selected resource to the user according to the 
policy generated from the policy and strategy 
management capabilities of NGNe.

service control capabilities:
Service control capabilities of NGNe enforce 
service registration, service authentication and 
service resource assignment for network and 
cloud interworking. Service control capabilities 
support information exchange between other 
NGNe capabilities and open environment 
capabilities to allow the identification of 
application data and user profile, and it also 
support unified network and cloud service 
configurations.
Service control capabilities of NGNe translate 
service requests into applicable commands or 
configurations and send them to relevant 
management system. In addition, service control 
capabilities allow awareness events,
e.g., notifications of QoS modifications, 
establishments of network connections reported 
by content and context awareness capabilities 
and send the events information to users or 
administrators.

content and context awareness capabilities:
Content and context awareness capabilities of 
NGNe retrieve the awareness-related information 
by network and cloud status detection methods, 
then deeply analyses the information including 
network related awareness information such 
as connection qualities, link bandwidth, bandwidth 
utilization, cost of routes and other available 
resource information, and cloud related awareness 
information, such as server status, virtual 
machine availability, computing, storage and 
in-cloud network information.
Content and context analysis capabilities of 
NGNe provide analysis results related to user 
traffic, network status and cloud computing 
resource to policy and strategy management 
capabilities and traffic scheduling and enforcement 
capabilities. Content and context analysis capabilities 
distribute the analysis results could either in 
real time and/or on-demand according to the 
requirements.
Content and context analysis capabilities of 
NGNe also support service awareness, to 
perceive the characteristics of different types 
of services and the cloud computing performance 
according to the service requirements. In addition, 
content and context analysis capabilities of 
NGNe support user intent awareness, to achieve 
closed-loop automation, to help realize automated 
service activation and network maintenance 
functions, to reduce manual intervention and 
improve performance.
Content and context analysis capabilities of 
NGNe calculate the similarity between every 
pair of resources among the resources from 
multiple cloud service providers and abstract 
various resources from multiple cloud service 
providers based on these similarities to generate 
different types of resource pools, then determine 
the type of resource pool based on the resources 
of these resource pools.
Note- The similarity between each pair of
resources is determined based on the text 
similarity between their respective description 
texts, as well as the similarity in word order. 
Specifically, this similarity shall be determined 
by the weighted sum of text similarity and word 
order similarity within their respective description 
texts between each pair of resources.

fault detection and recovery capabilities
Fault detection and recovery capabilities of 
NGNe support network fault detection and 
cloud fault detection in a cooperative and 
integrated manner. When fault detection and 
recovery capabilities locate any fault in the 
system, it could either automatically switched 
the user traffic to backup connections or shift 
the computing load to backup server or virtual 
machine in the cloud to ensure the stability of 
the performance and avoid affecting the customer 
experience. Furthermore, fault detection and 
recovery capabilities support intelligent security 
system, so that auto-immunity, autonomy, and 
self-growth network and cloud end-to-end 
security mechanism is achieved

QoS and policy control capabilities:
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
receive application and users requests related 
to bandwidth/computing resource/QoS assignment 
with a unified network and cloud converged 
manner while they also receive analysis results 
regarding content and context information from 
content and context awareness capabilities.
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
make policy and QoS decisions by utilizing 
the received information and regarding network 
and cloud resource dynamically and continuous 
optimize the global resource including network 
resource and cloud resource to the demand of 
cloud services, user request and other factors. 
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
send the policy and QoS decisions to traffic 
scheduling and enforcement capabilities to 
realize their unified control of multi-dimensional 
resources in real-time.
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
support a method for scheduling cloud resources. 
QoS and policy control capabilities determine 
an overall network quality metric corresponding 
to the application based on the network quality 
and traffic of users accessing application servers 
deployed in various IDCs within different 
metropolitan area networks, this overall network 
quality metric is derived by calculating the total 
sum of traffic from users in each MAN to the 
application servers deployed in all IDCs, and 
deriving a network quality weight for each MAN 
to a specific IDC by determining the ratio of 
the traffic from users in the MAN to the 
application servers in that IDC against the total 
traffic, then obtaining the overall network quality 
metric for the application by weighted summation 
of the network qualities of users in each MAN 
accessing the application servers deployed in 
all IDCs, using the respective network quality 
weights for each MAN-IDC pair. 
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
select IDCs where the network quality meets 
predefined conditions as optimized IDCs. 
QoS and policy control capabilities of NGNe 
determine an optimized network quality metric 
for routing traffic from application servers in 
the remaining IDCs to the application servers 
in the identified optimized IDC, and decide 
whether to route the traffic from the application 
servers in the remaining IDCs to the application 
servers in the optimized IDC based on the 
comparison between the overall network quality 
metric and the optimized network quality metric
The determination of the optimized network 
quality metric for redirecting traffic from 
application servers in the remaining IDCs to 
those within the identified optimized IDCs 
involves the following steps: 
First, it assesses the amount of unoccupied 
cloud resources in each optimized IDC along 
with the quantity of cloud resources required 
per accessing unit user. Based on this information, 
it determines the volume of traffic that each 
optimized IDC can handle from corresponding 
MANs.
Subsequently, based on the volume of traffic 
that each optimized IDC can accommodate from 
corresponding MANs, QoS and policy control 
capabilities of NGNe determine the optimized 
traffic flow for users in each MAN when their 
traffic from the application servers in the 
remaining IDCs is redirected to the application 
servers within the identified optimized IDCs.
In addition, the method entails calculating the 
total sum of traffic from users in all MANs to 
the application servers deployed across all IDCs. 
Then, QoS and policy control capabilities of 
NGNe determine the optimized network quality 
weight from the MAN to the IDC by calculating 
the ratio of the optimized traffic for users in 
the MAN accessing the application servers 
deployed in the IDC to the total sum of that traffic.
Finally, QoS and policy control capabilities of 
NGNe derive the optimized network quality 
metric for the application by performing a weighted 
sum of the network qualities experienced by 
users in each Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) 
when accessing application servers deployed 
in all IDCs, using the respective optimized 
network quality weights from each MAN to 
every IDC.

traffic scheduling and enforcement capabilities:
Traffic scheduling and enforcement capabilities 
of NGNe receive policy and QoS decisions from 
QoS and policy control capabilities and also 
receive analysis results regarding content and 
context information from content and context 
awareness capabilities. Traffic scheduling and 
enforcement capabilities make decisions based 
on these results and generates traffic scheduling 
rules. These rules support end-to-end traffic 
management across network domain and cloud 
computing domain of varying technologies to 
ensure that the requirements from users and 
applications can be satisfied.
Traffic scheduling and enforcement capabilities 
rely on an integrated new information infrastructure 
with network and cloud convergence and allow 
policy and QoS decision be executed and realized 
in both network and cloud computing areas. 

identity management capabilities:
Identity management capabilities of NGNe 
support the mechanism to realize single sign 
on of cloud and network application, realize 
dynamic synchronization of user identity and 
authority.
Identity management capabilities of NGNe is 
responsible for storage and update of unified 
user identity profiles and other information, 
and they are also the enhancement to increase 
confidence in identity information of users and 
enhance business and security applications 
and services.

authentication and authorization capabilities:
Authentication and authorization 
capabilities co-operate with identity management 
capabilities to form a unified authentication 
and authorization platform which could handle 
both the network and cloud authentication and 
authorization requests in a single place. 

policy and strategy management capabilities:
Policy and strategy management capabilities 
of NGNe support real-time traffic prediction 
through the use of artificial intelligence 
algorithms, and predict future network traffic 
patterns connected with multiple cloud service 
providers and help NGNe providers to plan 
and adjust network resources.
Policy and strategy management capabilities 
of NGNe analyze user behavior, including 
usage habits and peak traffic periods, help 
NGNe providers to optimize network operations 
and configurations.
Policy and strategy management capabilities 
of NGNe visualize real-time network traffic 
data, help NGNe providers to gain a better 
understanding of network and cloud interworking 
traffic patterns and trends in order to perform 
network maintenance and optimization and 
improve network performance and stability.
NGNe support a method for cross-cloud 
resource recommendation. Policy and strategy 
management capabilities of NGNe determine 
the type and size of resources required by the 
user, and the resource pool that provides 
resources for the user based on the type of 
resources required by the user. Policy and 
strategy management capabilities select 
resources from the resource pool designated 
for provisioning resources to the user, which 
are currently unutilized and match the size of 
resources required by the user, according to 
the usage status of resources across multiple 
cloud service providers and the size of resources 
required by the user.
Policy and strategy management capabilities 
receive resource demand information sent by 
the user through a unified interface and analysis
the resource demand information to determine 
the type and size of resources required by the 
user. Policy and strategy management capabilities 
acquire information about each type of resource 
pool within the multiple resource pools through 
a unified interface for heterogeneous resources 
and identify the specific resource pool to provide 
resources for the user based on the type of resource 
required by the user and the information about 
each resource pool.


policy enforcement capabilities:
Policy enforcement capabilities of NGNe monitor 
network traffic in real-time, analyse and process 
network traffic to ensure the strategies generated 
by policy and strategy management capabilities 
of NGNe be executed.
Policy enforcement capabilities of NGNe 
implement real-time policy control based on 
pre-defined network policies to ensure the 
optimized allocation and use of network 
resources.
Policy enforcement capabilities of NGNe 
perform optimization of the network operations 
and configurations based on real-time data and 
predictions to improve network performance 
and stability.
Policy enforcement capabilities of NGNe 
monitor and analyse network performance in 
real-time to identify and resolve network 
performance issues.


4. Security considerations
The main aspects of network security 
considerations of NGN evolution to support 
multi-connection for network. 
In addition, the NGNe should support external 
and internal threat protection capability.

External threat protection capability of the 
NGNe should provide external-initiated network 
attacks and intrusion protection to the IT 
architecture. It should facilitate blocking network 
attacks and intrusions initiated by the external 
environment. 

The NGNe should support cyber attack 
and intrusion prevention between resources 
within the IT architecture.By implementing 
network segmentation within the NGNe, 
different resources and services can be isolated 
from each other, reducing the attack surface 
and limiting the impact of intrusions from 
inside IT architecture.
5.IANA Considerations 

To be completed.

6.References 
6.1 Terms and definitions
6.1.1 Terms defined elsewhere
This Recommendation uses the following 
terms defined elsewhere:
cloud computing ITU T Y.3500: Paradigm 
for enabling network access to a scalable and 
elastic pool of shareable physical or virtual 
resources with self-service provisioning and 
administration on-demand.
NOTE: Examples of resources include servers, 
operating systems, networks, software, 
applications and storage equipment.
cloud service customer ITU T Y.3500: Party 
which is in a business relationship for the 
purpose of using cloud services.
NOTE: A business relationship does not 
necessarily imply financial agreements.
cloud service provider ITU T Y.3500: Party 
which makes cloud services available.
Next Generation Network (NGN)ITU T Y.2001: 
A packet-based network which is able to provide 
telecommunication services and able to make 
use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport 
technologies and in which service-related 
functions are independent from underlying 
transport-related technologies. It enables 
unfettered access for users to networks and to 
competing service providers and or services 
of their choice. It supports generalized mobility 
which will allow consistent and ubiquitous 
provision of services to users.
6.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation
Abbreviations and acronyms
This Recommendation uses the following 
abbreviations and acronyms:
AI          Artificial intelligence
API         Application Programming Interface
CC          Core Cloud
CSC         Cloud Service Customer
CSP         Cloud Service Provider
NGNe        Next Generation Network evolution
MC          Multi-Connection
NCI          Network and Cloud Interworking

Acknowledgments

Authors' Address

Yue Su (editor)
China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
Zhichunlu Road
Beijing
China
Email: suyue1@caict.ac.cn

   Zihan Li 
   China Academy of Information and Communications Technology 
   Email: lizihan1@caict.ac.cn

   Ruihao Chen 
   China Academy of Information and Communications Technology 
   Email: chenruihao@caict.ac.cn

   Jiali Dou 
   China Academy of Information and Communications Technology 
   Email: doujiali@caict.ac.cn